Cow Pancreas: Size, Anatomy, and Function

Overview

The pancreas in cattle is an elongated, lobulated gland located in the abdomen near the stomach and other digestive organs. Its size varies by breed and individual animal.

Typical Dimensions

• Weight: 1–3 lb (0.45–1.36 kg)
• Length: 10–15 in (25–40 cm)

Structure and Function

The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine roles:

• Endocrine: Produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose.
• Exocrine: Secretes digestive enzymes—lipase, amylase, and protease—into the duodenum to break down fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.

This dual function makes the pancreas essential for both metabolic control and nutrient digestion in cattle.