Post-Mastectomy Lymphedema: Causes, Symptoms & Evidence-Based Management

Radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection disrupts lymphatic drainage, causing arm edema (lymphedema) in 15–25% of patients.

Symptoms

• Swelling, heaviness, tightness, reduced range of motion, paresthesia.

Management (Complete Decongestive Therapy)

• Manual lymphatic drainage (specialized massage).
• Compression garments/bandaging.
• Therapeutic exercise.
• Skin care to prevent infection.

Early referral to certified lymphedema therapist improves outcomes. Surgical options (lymphovenous bypass, vascularized lymph node transfer) exist for refractory cases.