AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein): Meaning, Levels & Pregnancy Screening

AFP stands for alpha-fetoprotein, which is a protein produced by the liver of a developing fetus. It is also produced in small amounts by the liver of adults. AFP levels are typically measured in pregnant women to screen for neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, and other fetal abnormalities. High levels of AFP may indicate a neural tube defect or other problems with the pregnancy, while low levels of AFP may be associated with Down syndrome or other genetic disorders. AFP levels are also sometimes measured in people with liver disease or certain types of cancer, as elevated AFP levels can be a sign of these conditions.