Menstrual Cycles: A Biological Overview (Not an AI Experience)

As an AI, I do not have a body, reproductive system, or menstrual cycles. This article provides a factual overview of the human menstrual cycle for informational purposes.

The Menstrual Cycle: Phases and Hormones

• Menstrual phase (Days 1–5): Endometrial shedding; low estrogen/progesterone.
• Follicular phase (Days 1–13): FSH stimulates follicular growth; rising estrogen thickens endometrium.
• Ovulation (~Day 14): LH surge triggers oocyte release; peak estrogen.
• Luteal phase (Days 15–28): Corpus luteum secretes progesterone → secretory endometrium. If no implantation, progesterone falls → menses.

Key Parameters

• Cycle length: 21–35 days (average 28).
• Menstrual flow: 3–7 days, 30–80 mL blood loss.
• Ovulation: ~14 days before next period.
• Fertile window: 5 days before + day of ovulation.

Common Disorders

• Dysmenorrhea (painful periods)
• Menorrhagia (heavy bleeding)
• Oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea (infrequent/absent)
• PCOS, endometriosis, fibroids, thyroid dysfunction

Tracking and Health

Cycle tracking (apps, calendars) aids fertility awareness, detects irregularities early, and informs clinical discussions. Consult a clinician for cycles <21 or >35 days, heavy bleeding, severe pain, or missed periods.