Splint Principles: 10 Criteria for Effective Immobilization

A well-designed splint must meet these criteria:

1. Immobilization: Prevents motion at injury site; includes joints above/below fracture.
2. Comfort: Padded, no pressure points; accommodates swelling.
3. Effectiveness: Maintains alignment; resists displacement forces.
4. Adjustability: Accommodates edema (peaks 24–48h); removable for inspection.
5. Safety: Non-toxic, hypoallergenic; prevents pressure ulcers, nerve compression, vascular compromise.
6. Lightweight/Portable: Especially for prehospital/tactical use.
7. Ease of Application: Intuitive; usable by first responders with minimal training.
8. Durability: Withstands transport, hygiene, repeated adjustment.
9. Radiolucency: Allows X-ray without removal (fiberglass, certain thermoplastics).
10. Cost-Effectiveness: Appropriate for setting (disposable vs. reusable).

Common Types

• Rigid: Fiberglass, plaster, aluminum, vacuum (vacuum splint = adjustable + moldable).
• Soft: Pillow, sling, swathe, air splint.
• Traction: Femur, cervical (specialized).

Principles apply regardless of material. Reassess neurovascular status q15min initially, then q1–2h.