Strep Throat: Transmission, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Prevention

Strep throat is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep). It spreads easily via respiratory droplets and direct contact.

How It Spreads

• Kissing, sharing utensils/cups, or touching contaminated surfaces then the face.
• Crowded settings (schools, households) increase risk.

Classic Symptoms

• Sudden severe sore throat
• Fever ≥101°F (38.3°C)
• Red, swollen tonsils with white patches/exudate
• Tender anterior cervical lymph nodes
• Absence of cough (suggests viral etiology)

Diagnosis & Treatment

Rapid antigen test or throat culture confirms diagnosis. First‑line: penicillin or amoxicillin for 10 days. Completing the full course prevents rheumatic fever and peritonsillar abscess.

Prevention

• Frequent handwashing.
• Avoid sharing food/drinks.
• Stay home until 24 hours after starting antibiotics and fever‑free.
• No vaccine exists for Group A Strep.