Ovarian Functions: Beyond Egg Production - Hormones & Their Roles

The ovaries, in addition to producing eggs (ova), also produce hormones including oestrogen and progesterone. These hormones play crucial roles in the female reproductive system and the menstrual cycle.

* Oestrogen: Oestrogen is primarily responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics, such as the breasts, wide hips, and feminine body contours. It also thickens the endometrium (the lining of the uterus) in preparation for possible implantation of a fertilized egg.

* Progesterone: Progesterone works synergistically with oestrogen to support the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. It helps maintain the endometrium and prepares it for the implantation of a fertilized egg. Progesterone also relaxes the smooth muscles of the uterus, preventing contractions during pregnancy.