Malignant Lymphoma Classification: Hodgkin and Non‑Hodgkin Subtypes
Lymphomas are neoplasms of lymphoid tissue. Broad categories:
Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL)
- Classical HL (cHL) subtypes: Nodular sclerosis (most common), mixed cellularity, lymphocyte‑rich, lymphocyte‑depleted.
- Nodular lymphocyte‑predominant HL (NLPHL): Rare, distinct biology, better prognosis.
Non‑Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
B‑cell NHL (≈85%)
- Diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma (DLBCL) – aggressive, common.
- Follicular lymphoma – indolent, t(14;18).
- Mantle cell lymphoma – aggressive, cyclin D1+.
- Marginal zone lymphoma (extranodal, nodal, splenic).
- Burkitt lymphoma – highly aggressive, MYC translocation.
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL).
T/NK‑cell NHL (≈15%)
- Peripheral T‑cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL‑NOS).
- Cutaneous T‑cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides, Sézary syndrome).
- Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL).
- NK/T‑cell lymphoma (nasal type).
Diagnosis requires biopsy, immunophenotyping (flow cytometry, IHC), and molecular/genetic studies. Subtype determines therapy and prognosis.
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