Canker Sore (Aphthous Ulcer) Self‑Care and When to See a Clinician

Canker sores are small, painful mucosal ulcers (non‑viral, non‑contagious).

Home Care

• Rinse with saline or bicarbonate solution.
• Topical anesthetics (benzocaine, lidocaine) or protective pastes (Orabase).
• NSAIDs (ibuprofen) for pain.
• Avoid spicy, acidic, abrasive foods.
• Maintain oral hygiene (soft brush).

Red Flags – Seek Care If:

• Ulcer >1 cm or persists >2 weeks.
• Recurrent outbreaks (>3–4/year).
• High fever, difficulty swallowing, spreading rash.
• Immunosuppression.

Medical Options

• Topical corticosteroids (triamcinolone paste).
• Systemic steroids (severe).
• Cautery (silver nitrate, laser) for immediate relief.
• Rule out Behçet's, celiac, HIV, nutritional deficiencies.

Note: The original text incorrectly described wound care for a tongue bite; canker sores are not traumatic injuries.