Titanium Implants in Spine Surgery: Biocompatibility, Corrosion Resistance & Infection Profile

Titanium is the gold standard for spinal instrumentation due to:

  • Biocompatibility: Stable TiO₂ layer minimizes immune response; supports osseointegration.
  • Corrosion resistance: No crevice formation for bacterial colonization.
  • Antibacterial surface: Reduced bacterial adhesion vs. stainless steel/CoCr.
  • Osseointegration: Direct bone-implant contact seals against microbial ingress.

Infection risk stems from surgical technique, sterility, host factors—not titanium itself. Overall infection rates are low with modern protocols.

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