How to Measure Respiratory Rate Correctly

Respiratory rate (RR) = breaths per minute. Measure by:

• Observing chest/abdomen rise and fall for 60 seconds (or 30 seconds × 2).
• Do not tell the patient you're counting — awareness alters breathing pattern.
• Note rhythm, depth, effort, and symmetry.

Pulse rate = heartbeats per minute (radial, carotid). RR and pulse are distinct vital signs. Normal adult RR: 12–20/min. RR >24 or <8 warrants clinical assessment.