Dental Implant Materials: Titanium, Zirconia, and Stainless Steel Compared
Modern dental implants are primarily made from three materials:
- Titanium (commercially pure or Ti‑6Al‑4V): Gold standard—excellent biocompatibility, osseointegration, strength, and corrosion resistance. Used for >95% of implants.
- Zirconia (yttria‑stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal): Metal‑free, tooth‑colored alternative with good biocompatibility and aesthetics. Indicated for thin gingiva or metal allergies. Slightly lower fracture toughness than titanium.
- Stainless steel (316L): Rarely used today; historical material with lower biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. Occasionally used in temporary implants or specific allergy cases.
Material choice depends on clinical situation, aesthetic demands, and patient factors.
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