Respiratory Rate (RR): Definition, Measurement, and Normal Adult Range
RR (Respiratory Rate) = number of breaths per minute. Measured by counting chest rises/falls over 60 seconds (or 30 sec × 2).
- Normal adult range: 12-20 breaths/minute
- Bradypnea: <12 (e.g., opioid overdose, increased ICP)
- Tachypnea: >20 (e.g., fever, pain, acidosis, sepsis, heart failure)
Assess rhythm, depth, and effort alongside rate for complete respiratory evaluation.
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