What Is Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis?

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is a bacterial infection spread by ticks. It is similar to ehrlichiosis caused by the closely related bacteria, Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii.

Symptoms

The symptoms of HGA generally begin within one to two weeks of being bitten by an infected tick and may last for several weeks. Symptoms of HGA may include:

- Fever

- Chills

- Headache

- Muscle aches

- Fatigue

- Nausea

- Vomiting

- Confusion

- Loss of appetite

- Skin rash

Treatment

HGA is typically treated with antibiotics such as doxycycline, rifampin, or tetracycline. Treatment is most effective if started early in the course of the illness.

Prevention

There are several ways to prevent HGA, including:

- Avoiding areas where ticks are known to be present

- Wearing long sleeves and pants when in areas where ticks are present

- Using insect repellent containing DEET

- Checking for ticks after spending time outdoors

- Removing ticks promptly and properly if found