Emergency First Aid: Controlling Severe Bleeding

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a leading preventable cause of trauma death. Immediate action saves lives.

Why Stop the Bleed?

• Prevent Hypovolemic Shock: Maintains circulating volume & oxygen delivery.
• Preserve Blood Pressure: Ensures organ perfusion.
• Reduce Infection Risk: Limits open‑wound contamination.
• Promote Healing: Allows clot formation and tissue repair.
• Buy Time: Bridges to definitive surgical care.

Step‑by‑Step Control

1. Direct Pressure: Firm, sustained pressure with gauze/cloth on wound.
2. Pack Deep Wounds: Hemostatic gauze (kaolin/chitosan) or plain gauze into cavity; hold pressure.
3. Tourniquet (Extremities): Apply 2‑3 inches proximal to wound (not over joint); tighten until bleeding stops; note time; do not remove.
4. Junctional Wounds (neck, axilla, groin): Pack + pressure; tourniquet not feasible.
5. Monitor & Reassess: Ensure bleeding controlled; treat for shock (supine, warm, oxygen).

Training

“Stop the Bleed” courses teach layperson hemorrhage control. Everyone should learn basics.