West Nile Virus: Symptoms, Risks & What to Watch For

West Nile virus (WNV) is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms of WNV can range from mild to severe, and can include:

- Fever

- Headache

- Muscle aches

- Joint pain

- Fatigue

- Nausea

- Vomiting

- Swollen lymph nodes

In some cases, WNV can cause inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) or spinal cord (meningitis). Symptoms of encephalitis and meningitis can include:

- Headache

- Stiff neck

- Confusion

- Disorientation

- Seizures

- Coma

WNV can also cause aseptic meningitis, which is a viral infection of the membranes that line the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms of aseptic meningitis can include:

- Headache

- Fever

- Stiff neck

- Nausea

- Vomiting

- Light sensitivity

WNV is a serious disease, but it can be prevented. There is no vaccine for WNV, but you can protect yourself from infection by taking these precautions:

- Use insect repellent containing DEET when outdoors.

- Wear long sleeves and pants when outdoors.

- Stay indoors at dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active.

- Make sure your home is properly screened and that you keep doors and windows closed.

- Empty any standing water around your home where mosquitoes can breed.

If you experience symptoms of WNV or suspect you have been infected, it is important to see a doctor immediately.