Neurotransmitters Controlling Smooth Muscle: Acetylcholine & Norepinephrine
- Acetylcholine (ACh): Parasympathetic → binds M₃ receptors → smooth muscle contraction (bronchoconstriction, gut motility, bladder emptying).
- Norepinephrine (NE): Sympathetic → effect depends on receptor:
- α₁: contraction (vascular smooth muscle).
- β₂: relaxation (bronchodilation, GI/bladder relaxation).
Balance of cholinergic/adrenergic tone regulates visceral function.
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