The Difference Between HSV-1 & HSV-2

HSV-1 and HSV-2, also known as human herpesviruses-1 and -2 (HHV-1 and -2) are the two herpes simplex viruses. Though part of the same viral subfamily, these two viruses cause different conditions.

Identification

• HSV-1 is the virus that causes most instances of cold sores, also known as oral herpes, herpes labialis or fever blisters. The virus generally responsible for genital herpes is HSV-2.

Features

• Both viruses are members of the viral subfamily alphaherpesvirinae, according to Microbiology and Immunology Online. The other virus in this group, HHV-3 or varicella-zoster virus, causes chicken pox and shingles.

Considerations

• Although HSV-1 and HSV-2 generally cause either cold sores or genital herpes, respectively, either virus can also cause the other condition, according to the Mayo Clinic.

Effects

• Both conditions lead to a red rash with blisters, preceded by burning or tingling in the area, before an outbreak occurs.

Treatment

• Topical, over-the-counter treatments---such as benzyl alcohol and lidocaine---manage cold sores. Genital herpes requires prescription antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir or famciclovir). According to the Mayo Clinic, doctors also use these medications to treat cold sores.