Role of Microbes in Heart Disease

Microbes can damage the heart and its valves. A bacterial infection called endocarditis can kill people with existing heart problems.

Endocarditis

• Endocarditis, also called infective endocarditis, occurs when microbes such as bacteria invade the heart's valves or its inner lining, according to the Cleveland Clinic. If the heart or valves already have abnormalities, the infection can cause damage and possibly death.

Causes of Infection

• Certain bacteria that live in the mouth, intestines, urinary tract or on the skin can cause endocarditis. Oral surgery or gum problems can allow this bacteria to enter the bloodstream.

Incidence

• While many people in the general population face a heightened risk of getting endocarditis, most of them never do. The American Heart Association estimates that endocarditis afflicts approximately 29,000 people per year.

At-Risk Populations

• People with the highest risk of getting endocarditis include recipients of artificial heart valves, patients with heart or heart valve diseases, and previous endocarditis sufferers.

Prevention/Solution

• While the highest-risk groups may receive preventative antibiotic treatments to stave off endocarditis, others can protect themselves by practicing good oral hygiene to reduce mouth bacteria that might enter the bloodstream through the gums.