Stye (Hordeolum): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

A stye is a painful, red bump on the eyelid caused by a blocked, infected oil gland (usually Staphylococcus bacteria). It resembles a pimple at the lash line.

Causes & Risk Factors

• Poor eyelid hygiene
• Touching eyes with unwashed hands
• Expired or contaminated eye makeup
• Blepharitis (chronic eyelid inflammation)
• Stress, hormonal changes, diabetes

Treatment

• Warm compresses: 10–15 minutes, 3–4x daily to promote drainage.
• Antibiotic ointment/drops: If prescribed.
• Oral antibiotics: For spreading infection (cellulitis).
• Incision and drainage: By a doctor if large or persistent.

Prevention

• Wash hands before touching eyes.
• Remove eye makeup nightly.
• Replace mascara/eyeliner every 3 months.
• Manage blepharitis with lid scrubs.

Never squeeze a stye—it can spread infection. Most resolve in 1–2 weeks with conservative care.