Lumbar Puncture: Definition, Procedure & Purpose

The medical term meaning surgical puncture into the lower back to withdraw fluid for examination is Lumbar puncture or spinal tap.

Lumbar puncture is a procedure in which a thin needle is inserted into the spinal canal in the lower back to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis. CSF is the clear fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord. It helps to protect the brain and spinal cord from injury and provides them with nutrients.

Lumbar puncture is performed for a variety of reasons, including:

1. To diagnose infections of the brain or spinal cord, such as meningitis or encephalitis.

2. To diagnose bleeding in the brain or spinal cord, such as a subarachnoid hemorrhage.

3. To measure the pressure of the CSF. Increased CSF pressure can be a sign of a variety of conditions, such as hydrocephalus or a brain tumor.

4. To administer medications directly into the CSF. This may be done to treat infections, such as bacterial meningitis, or to provide pain relief.

Lumbar puncture is usually a safe and well-tolerated procedure. However, there are some potential risks, including:

1. Headache

2. Back pain

3. Nausea and vomiting

4. Bleeding

5. Infection

The risk of these complications is usually low. However, it is important to talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of lumbar puncture before having the procedure.