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Female Reproductive Organs: Anatomy and Functions
Primary Structures
- Ovaries (2): Produce oocytes + hormones (estradiol, progesterone, inhibin, AMH).
- Fallopian Tubes (2): Ciliated epithelium transports ovum/zygote; fertilization site (ampulla).
- Uterus: Pear-shaped; endometrium (cyclic shedding), myometrium (contractile), perimetrium. Site of implantation, gestation, labor.
- Cervix: Lower uterine segment; mucus barrier (fertile vs. hostile); dilates in labor.
- Vagina: Fibromuscular canal; microbiome (Lactobacillus → acidic pH); intercourse, birth, menses passage.
Supporting Structures
Broad/round/uterosacral ligaments; pelvic floor muscles; vascular/nerve supply.
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