Esophageal Varices: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

The term for enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the interior esophagus is esophageal varices. These varices are caused by increased pressure in the portal vein, which is the main vein that carries blood from the intestines, spleen, and pancreas to the liver. When the portal vein is blocked or obstructed, blood can back up into the veins of the esophagus and cause them to swell and become varicose. Esophageal varices can be a serious condition, as they can rupture and cause life-threatening bleeding.