What causes polycystic ovary syndrome?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but several factors are believed to play a role, including:

Genetics: PCOS tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic component. However, the specific genes involved are not yet fully understood.

Insulin resistance: Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, which means their bodies do not respond to insulin as well as they should. Insulin is a hormone that helps control blood sugar levels. When the body is resistant to insulin, blood sugar levels can rise, which can lead to weight gain and other symptoms of PCOS.

Androgen excess: Women with PCOS often have higher levels of androgens (male hormones) than normal. This can lead to acne, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), and other symptoms of PCOS.

Low-grade inflammation: Women with PCOS often have low-grade inflammation, which can contribute to insulin resistance and other symptoms of the disorder.

Environmental factors: Some environmental factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals, may also contribute to the development of PCOS.