Ovarian Cysts: Symptoms, Causes & When to See a Doctor

Ovarian cysts are fluid‑filled sacs on or within the ovary. Many are asymptomatic and found incidentally. When symptoms occur, they may include:

• Pelvic pain (sharp, dull, or aching; intermittent or constant)
• Bloating or abdominal fullness
• Nausea/vomiting (especially with large or ruptured cysts)
• Urinary urgency or difficulty voiding
• Constipation (if cyst presses on rectum)
• Menstrual irregularities (heavy bleeding, spotting, irregular cycles)
• Dyspareunia (pain during intercourse)
• Unexplained weight gain or fatigue

Seek immediate care for: Sudden severe pelvic pain, fever with vomiting, signs of shock (dizziness, rapid breathing), or heavy vaginal bleeding—these may indicate rupture, torsion, or hemorrhage.

Diagnosis is via pelvic exam and transvaginal ultrasound. Management ranges from watchful waiting (functional cysts) to hormonal suppression or laparoscopic cystectomy.