Understanding Colon Cancer: Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

Colon cancer is cancer that starts in the colon. Colon cancer tumors usually begin as a small growth known as a polyp. Not all polyps become colon cancer tumors.

The Facts

• The wall of the colon has several layers of tissues. Colon cancer typically starts at an inner layer and grows into the center of the colon.

Symptoms

• Colon cancer grows slowly and usually doesn't produce symptoms until it is advanced. Blood in the stool can indicate colon cancer. Other symptoms include constipation, diarrhea, fatigue and weakness.

Diagnosis

• If a routine screening reveals a polyp, your doctor will order a biopsy to determine if it is cancerous. Abnormal tissue may be removed during a colonoscopy. Removal of polyps can prevent them from developing into colon cancer tumors.

Staging

• Colon cancer is classified from stage 0 to stage IV. In stage 0, the cancer is found only in the lining of the colon. Stages I through IV indicate the tumor has spread past the lining of the colon and into nearby tissues and organs.

Prognosis

• Colon cancer is likely to be cured if it is diagnosed and treated early.