Typhoid Fever: Causes, Transmission, and Prevention

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water. Bacteria from infected feces contaminate food/water via poor hygiene (inadequate handwashing).

Transmission Pathways

• Infected food handlers not washing hands
• Contaminated water for irrigation, washing produce, or beverages
• Inadequate sanitation, poor hygiene, overcrowding

Typhoid is not spread by casual contact. Prevention: handwashing, safe food handling, clean drinking water.