Ciprofloxacin: Uses, Side Effects, and Important Information

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in adults for bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms.

Common Indications

• Urinary tract infections (including pyelonephritis)
• Respiratory infections (bronchitis, pneumonia)
• Skin and soft tissue infections (cellulitis, abscesses, surgical site infections)
• Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
• Gastrointestinal infections (e.g., infectious diarrhea)
• Bone and joint infections

Mechanism

Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, blocking DNA replication and repair.

Important Limitations

• Only effective against bacteria; useless for viral infections (cold, flu).
• Resistance is increasing; use only when indicated.

Common Side Effects

• Nausea, diarrhea, headache, dizziness
• Photosensitivity (sunburn risk)
• QT prolongation (risk of arrhythmia)
• Tendonitis or tendon rupture (especially in older adults, those on corticosteroids)
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Central nervous system effects (insomnia, anxiety, confusion, seizures)

Precautions

• Avoid in children, pregnant/nursing women unless benefits outweigh risks.
• Monitor for tendon pain; discontinue if occurs.
• Adjust dose in renal impairment.
• Check for drug interactions (e.g., antacids, warfarin, theophylline).

Always complete the prescribed course unless directed otherwise by your doctor.