Tracheostomy Cuff: Function, Inflation & Management

Purpose

Inflatable cuff on tracheostomy tube creates seal between tube and trachea to:

• Prevent air leak around tube
• Enable positive pressure ventilation
• Reduce aspiration risk (secretions above cuff)

Key Management Points

• Inflation: Sterile water or air; minimal volume for seal (typically 20-30 mL adult).
• Monitoring: Cuff pressure 20-30 cm H₂O (manometer); prevents tracheal ischemia/necrosis.
• Materials: Silicone, latex, PVC—chosen per patient needs/allergies.
• Types: Built-in or separate cuff with valve attachment.

Complications of Overinflation

• Tracheal mucosal injury, stenosis, fistula
• Impaired mucociliary clearance

Proper cuff management is essential for patient safety.