Rotator Cuff Muscles: The Four‑Muscle Complex
The rotator cuff comprises four muscles originating on the scapula and inserting on the humeral greater/lesser tuberosities:
- Supraspinatus: Initiates abduction (0–15°).
- Infraspinatus: External rotation.
- Teres minor: External rotation, adduction.
- Subscapularis: Internal rotation (only anterior cuff muscle).
Together, they center the humeral head in the glenoid (dynamic stability).
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