McBurney Incision: A Step-by-Step Guide for Open Abdominal Procedures

Step-by-step method

1. Identify the McBurney Point: The McBurney point is located midway between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the umbilicus.

2. Incision: Make a 2 to 5 cm vertical or transverse incision over the McBurney point, through the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

3. Expose Rectus Sheath: Extend the incision through the rectus sheath to expose the underlying rectus muscle.

4. Retract Muscles: Incise the tendinous insertion of the external oblique muscle and gently retract both the rectus muscle medially and the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles laterally.

5. Open Peritoneum: After confirming the location, carefully enter the peritoneal cavity through a small incision in the peritoneum.

Additional techniques:

- If necessary, extend the incision superiorly or laterally to provide access to the appendix, cecum, or surrounding structures.

- Depending on the surgeon's preference, electrocautery, diathermy, or surgical blades can be used to make the necessary incisions.

- The McBurney incision can be enlarged into a paramedian or transverse incision if needed during the procedure.