CPR Steps: A Clear Guide to Performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Adult CPR (AHA 2020 Guidelines)

1. Ensure Scene Safety → Check Responsiveness

• Tap shoulder, shout “Are you okay?”
• If no response → shout for help / activate EMS (call 911) → get AED.

2. Check Breathing & Pulse (Simultaneously, ≤10 sec)

• No normal breathing (agonal gasps ≠ breathing) + no pulse → START CPR.

3. Chest Compressions (Push Hard & Fast)

• Heel of one hand on lower half of sternum; other hand on top, fingers interlaced.
• Shoulders over hands; elbows locked.
• Depth: ≥2 in (5 cm). Rate: 100–120/min.
• Recoil: Allow full chest expansion.
• Minimize interruptions (<10 sec).

4. Rescue Breaths (If Trained & Willing)

• After 30 compressions → open airway (head-tilt/chin-lift).
• Pinch nose; give 2 breaths (1 sec each), watch chest rise.
• Ratio 30:2.

5. Hands-Only CPR (Alternative)

• Continuous compressions at 100–120/min — no breaths.
• Recommended for untrained lay rescuers or if unwilling to give breaths.

6. AED Use

• Power on → attach pads → follow voice prompts.
• Clear for shock → resume CPR immediately after shock (or if no shock advised).

7. Continue Until

• EMS takes over.
• Person moves, breathes normally, opens eyes.
• You are physically unable to continue.

Compressions are the priority. High-quality, uninterrupted compressions save lives.