The Vital Role of the Umbilical Cord During Pregnancy
The umbilical cord is the fetus's lifeline, connecting it to the placenta. It contains two arteries and one vein within Wharton's jelly (protective gel).
Functions
- Nutrient delivery: Glucose, amino acids, vitamins, minerals from mother to fetus.
- Oxygen transport: Oxygenated blood via umbilical vein to fetus.
- Waste removal: Deoxygenated blood, CO2, metabolic waste via umbilical arteries to placenta for maternal clearance.
- Hormone exchange: Supports pregnancy maintenance and fetal development.
- Protection: Wharton's jelly cushions vessels against compression.
Clinical Significance
Cord abnormalities (single artery, knots, prolapse, compression) can compromise fetal well-being. Ultrasound assesses cord structure and blood flow (Doppler).
Without the umbilical cord, fetal development cannot occur.
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