Cholecystectomy Incisions: Open vs. Laparoscopic Approaches

Open cholecystectomy: Right subcostal (Kocher) incision below the costal margin.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (standard): Four ports—umbilical (camera), epigastric, and two right upper quadrant ports for instruments.

Laparoscopic approach reduces pain, hospital stay, and recovery time; conversion to open occurs in 2–5% for inflammation, adhesions, or anatomy.

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