Femoral Artery Spasm: Causes, Drug Triggers, and Associated Conditions
Causes of femoral artery spasm include:
- Endothelial damage from trauma, surgery, infection, iatrogenic procedures (catheterization, angiography)
- Vasoconstrictor drugs: cocaine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine
- Hypothermia, hyperkalemia
- Aortic dissection, emboli, thrombosis
- Vasculitis, Raynaud's syndrome
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