Meningomyelocele: Understanding the Spinal Cord Defect

Meningomyelocele (a form of spina bifida) is a congenital neural tube defect where the spinal cord and its meningeal coverings protrude through a vertebral defect, forming a sac on the back.

Pathogenesis

Failure of neural tube closure during early embryogenesis (around day 28).

Neurological Consequences

• Paraplegia or paraparesis (level-dependent)
• Neurogenic bowel and bladder (incontinence)
• Hydrocephalus (often requiring shunt)
• Possible cognitive impairment

Severity correlates with lesion level and associated anomalies. Multidisciplinary care improves outcomes.