Intervertebral Foramen: Spinal Nerve Exit Gateway
The intervertebral foramen (neural foramen) is the bony canal between adjacent vertebrae where spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal.
- Formed by: pedicles (superior/inferior), vertebral body/disc (anterior), facet joint (posterior).
- Contents: spinal nerve (mixed), dorsal root ganglion, segmental vessels, recurrent meningeal nerve.
- Narrowing (foraminal stenosis) from disc herniation, facet hypertrophy, spondylolisthesis → radiculopathy.
Each spinal level has paired foramina (left/right).
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