Incisional Biopsy: Procedure, Indications, and Diagnostic Value

Incisional Biopsy

An incisional biopsy involves using a scalpel to remove a wedge-shaped sample from a larger lesion for histopathological examination.

Key Features

  • Samples a portion of the lesion (vs. excisional biopsy which removes it entirely).
  • Provides full-thickness tissue including epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat.
  • Allows assessment of architecture, invasion depth, and tumor margins.

Indications

  • Large lesions where complete excision is impractical initially.
  • Suspected malignancy requiring diagnosis before definitive surgery.
  • Inflammatory or infectious conditions needing tissue culture/histology.

Advantage

Yields more diagnostic information than punch or shave biopsies, reducing sampling error.

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