Kidney Waste Removal: How the Body Clears Toxins
The kidneys filter blood and remove waste via a five-step process:
- Filtration: Blood enters nephrons; glomerulus filters water, ions, small molecules; retains proteins/cells.
- Reabsorption: Essential substances (water, glucose, amino acids, electrolytes) reclaimed into blood; regulated by ADH.
- Secretion: Excess ions, drugs, toxins actively transported into tubule for elimination.
- Concentration: Countercurrent mechanism concentrates filtrate in medulla.
- Urine Formation: Concentrated waste → ureters → bladder → urethra → excretion.
This continuous cycle maintains electrolyte balance and removes toxins.
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