TOTAPS Burn First Aid: 6-Step Mnemonic for Emergency Response

TOTAPS guides lay responders through burn management:

1. Take action – ensure scene safety, stop burning process.
2. Observe – assess depth, size (% TBSA), location, inhalation risk.
3. Treat/Cool – cool running water 10–20 min (not ice); remove jewelry/clothing not stuck.
4. Apply dressing – sterile non-adherent (e.g., petrolatum gauze), loose wrap.
5. Protect – avoid rupture blisters; keep warm, prevent hypothermia.
6. Seek medical help – any facial/hand/genital/major joint burns, >palm size, electrical/chemical, pediatric/elderly, or uncertain.

Never apply butter, oils, toothpaste, or adhesive bandages directly.