Pathological Lying (Mythomania): Causes, Disorder Links, and Treatment

Pathological lying, or mythomania, is a persistent pattern of compulsive lying — often about oneself — without clear external gain. While not a standalone diagnosis in the DSM-5, it frequently appears as a symptom of other mental health conditions, including antisocial, borderline, and narcissistic personality disorders. The behavior can become so habitual that the individual may not even realize they are lying, making it particularly challenging to address.

Effective intervention targets the underlying disorder. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help increase awareness of lying triggers and develop healthier coping strategies. Building trust in a therapeutic relationship is crucial, as pathological lying often stems from deep-seated insecurity, fear of abandonment, or a need for control.