Video Games and Seizures: Photosensitivity and the Evidence

Video games can trigger seizures in individuals with photosensitive epilepsy (≈3–5% of people with epilepsy), but do not cause epilepsy and are not a significant trigger for the vast majority.

Photosensitivity

• Abnormal cortical response to flashing lights / contrasting patterns (frequency 15–25 Hz most provocative).
• Diagnosed by EEG with intermittent photic stimulation (IPS).
• Peak onset: adolescence; more common in females; often genetic (e.g., CHD2, STX1B).

Game-Related Triggers

• Rapid screen flashes, strobe effects, high-contrast patterns (stripes, checks), red-blue flicker.
• Modern games often include photosensitivity warnings and options to reduce flash intensity.

Evidence

• Mayo Clinic Proceedings review (2019) and other systematic analyses find no causal link between video games and new-onset epilepsy.
• Population studies: no increase in epilepsy incidence correlating with video game adoption.
• Risk is specific to photosensitive individuals; for them, games are one of many triggers (TV, disco lights, sunlight through trees, emergency vehicles).

Recommendations for Photosensitive Individuals

• Play in well-lit room (reduces contrast).
• Sit ≥2 meters from screen.
• Take frequent breaks (15 min/hr).
• Use smaller screen; reduce brightness.
• Cover one eye if exposed to strong trigger (binocular vision required for photosensitivity).
• Ensure ASM adherence.

For the general population, video games pose no seizure risk. For photosensitive patients, precautions allow safe enjoyment.