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Insomnia Medications: Types, How They Work & What to Expect
Benzodiazepines
Most commonly prescribed for insomnia. Enhance GABA (calming neurotransmitter). Examples: lorazepam (Ativan), temazepam (Restoril), triazolam (Halcion).
Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics ("Z-drugs")
Newer class; similar effects, potentially lower addiction risk/fewer side effects. Examples: zolpidem (Ambien), eszopiclone (Lunesta), zaleplon (Sonata).
Melatonin Receptor Agonists
Ramelteon (Rozerem) binds melatonin receptors, regulating sleep-wake cycles; helps fall asleep, improves quality.
Antihistamines
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), doxylamine (Unisom) have sedative effects but cause daytime drowsiness; not first-line for insomnia.
Other Medications
- Trazodone (Desyrel): Antidepressant with sleep benefits
- Amitriptyline (Elavil): Tricyclic antidepressant; used for insomnia with depression/anxiety
- Gabapentin (Neurontin): For seizures/nerve pain; may help insomnia
Medication choice depends on individual needs. Consult a healthcare provider for the best option.
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