| | Mental Health | Depression
Psychological Medications: Effects on Brain & Body
Neurotransmitter Modulation
- SSRIs/SNRIs: Increase synaptic serotonin/norepinephrine by blocking reuptake.
- Atypical Antipsychotics: Modulate dopamine D2 and serotonin 5‑HT2A receptors.
- Mood Stabilizers: Alter sodium/calcium channels, GABA/glutamate balance.
Neuroplasticity & Neurogenesis
Chronic antidepressant treatment upregulates BDNF, promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling—correlates with clinical improvement.
Anti‑Inflammatory Actions
Some agents (e.g., certain antipsychotics, lithium) reduce neuroinflammation (lower IL‑6, TNF‑α), potentially improving mood and cognition.
Endocrine Effects
- HPA‑axis modulation: normalize cortisol rhythms.
- Prolactin elevation (some antipsychotics) → sexual side effects, bone density risk.
- Thyroid function alterations (lithium).
Metabolic & Cardiovascular Risks
Weight gain, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, QT prolongation—vary by drug class. Monitor weight, lipids, glucose, ECG periodically.
Discontinuation Syndrome
Abrupt cessation can cause dizziness, nausea, “brain zaps,” insomnia, anxiety. Taper over weeks‑months under supervision.
Key Takeaway
Benefits and risks are highly individual. Regular follow‑up with a psychiatrist ensures optimal dosing, side‑effect management, and safe discontinuation when indicated.
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