Understanding Abnormal Pap Smear Results: Causes & What They Mean

Abnormal cells found during a pap smear can be caused by a number of things. Some of these may be serious, but most abnormal pap smears indicate only a temporary and mild problem.

Non-Medical Causes

• An abnormal pap smear result can sometimes be caused by non-medical factors like recently having had sex or inflammation caused by simple irritation, according to the American Pregnancy Association (APA).

Infection

• Some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can cause an abnormal pap smear. According to the APA, these include human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes and trichomoniasis.

Considerations

• It is important to remember that, even though some STDs can trigger an abnormal pap smear, a pap smear cannot be used to diagnose these conditions or to directly detect HPV.

HPV

• Many abnormal pap smears are the result of infection with HPV. Infection with HPV can lead to changes of various types in the cells of the cervix.

Dysplasia

• Dysplasia is a general term for abnormal cells. The APA reports that dysplasia sometimes indicates precancerous cells.

Significance

• An abnormal pap smear is not a diagnosis of any particular condition. According to WomensHealth.gov, most abnormalities are not serious, but a doctor often recommends further testing.