Withdrawal Method: Understanding Effectiveness & How It Works

Withdrawal ("pulling out") involves removing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation to prevent sperm from reaching the egg.

Effectiveness

• Perfect use: ~4% pregnancy rate per year
• Typical use: ~22% pregnancy rate per year

Effectiveness depends on:

• Consistency (every single time)
• Timing (withdrawing before ejaculation begins)
• Partner's fertility

Risks

• Pregnancy: Pre-ejaculate can contain sperm.
• STIs: No protection against infections.

Withdrawal is less reliable than condoms, hormonal methods, or IUDs. If avoiding pregnancy is important, discuss more effective options with a healthcare provider.