Ribose: Properties, Structure & Biological Significance

Ribose is a sugar molecule that has five carbon atoms and is also called a pentose sugar. Its molecular formula is CH2OH(CHOH)3CHO. An isomeric form called the D-ribose is of biological significance as it is an important constituent of DNA and RNA .

Structure

• Ribose has a furanose ring structure which consists of four carbons and an oxygen atom as part of the five member ring.

Chemical properties

• Ribose is a monosaccharide which means it consists of single sugar molecule. It cannot be broken down into a simpler sugar.

Physical properties

• Ribose is a white, crystalline solid. It is water soluble and slightly sweet to taste.

Biological relevance

• Ribose is a primary component of RNA and several other biological molecules like vitamins and amino acids.As such it is essential to all living beings. A modified form of ribose is used as building blocks for DNA. Ribose is produced in the body from glucose.

Uses

• Ribose is used as a nutritional supplement in people with chronic heart conditions and as endurance enhancer for athletes. The ribose supplements can be potentially harmful for diabetics, pregnant women and children. Hence, consult your physician before taking these supplements.