Tracheotomy: Understanding the Procedure and Its Uses

A tracheotomy (or tracheostomy) is a surgical procedure creating an opening (stoma) in the trachea (windpipe) through the neck. A tube is inserted to maintain airway patency.

Indications

• Emergency: Acute upper airway obstruction (e.g., anaphylaxis, foreign body, trauma).
• Elective: Prolonged mechanical ventilation, neuromuscular disease, severe sleep apnea, or anticipated airway compromise.

The procedure bypasses the nose and mouth, allowing air to enter the lungs directly. It can be temporary or permanent.