Are orthopedic doctors the same as surgeons?

Not all orthopedic doctors are surgeons, though many are. Orthopedic doctors, also called orthopedists, specialize in the diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system (bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments). Some orthopedists also complete additional training to become orthopedic surgeons, which qualifies them to perform surgeries on the musculoskeletal system.