Gingivitis: Common Bacteria and Their Role

Common organisms associated with gingivitis:

- Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria:

- *Porphyromonas gingivalis*

- *Treponema denticola*

- *Tannerella forsythia*

- *Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans*

- Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria:

- *Streptococcus mutans*

- *Streptococcus sanguinis*

- *Streptococcus gordonii*

- Other organisms:

- *Fusobacterium nucleatum*

- *Veillonella spp.*

- *Actinomyces spp.*

- *Candida albicans* (in some cases)

These bacteria form a complex biofilm on the tooth surface, which triggers an inflammatory response in the gums, leading to gingivitis.